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The consonant system of Georgian



   stops  affricates  sibilants  nasals  liquids  glides
 voiced  voiceless  voiced  voiceless  voiced  voiceless
 glott.  asp.  glott.  asp.
 labial  b
 ბ 		 ṗ
 პ 		 p
 ფ 		       v
 ვ 		   m
 მ 		   w
 უ̂
 dental  d
 დ 		 ṭ
 ტ 		 t
 თ 		 ʒ
 ძ 		 c̣
 წ 		 c
 ც 		 z
 ზ 		 s
 ს 		 n
 ნ 		 l
 ლ 		 
 alveolar        ǯ
 ჯ 		 č̣
 ჭ 		 č
 ჩ 		 ž
 ჟ 		 š
 შ 		   r
 რ 		 y
 ჲ
 velar  g
 გ 		 ḳ
 კ 		 k
 ქ 		       ġ
 ღ 		 x
 ხ 		     
 uvular    q̇
 ყ 		 q
 ჴ 		           
 laryngeal                h
 ჰ 		     


N.B. Consonants which have been changed since the Old Georgian period are marked by gray shading.



The consonant system of Zan (Laz and Megrelian)



   stops  affricates  sibilants  nasals  liquids  glides
 voiced  voiceless  voiced  voiceless  voiced  voiceless
 glott.  asp.  glott.  asp.
 labial  b  ṗ  p        v  f  m    w
 dental  d  ṭ  t  ʒ  c̣  c  z  s  n  l  
 alveolar        ǯ  č̣  č  ž  š    r  y
 velar  g  ḳ  k        ġ  x      
 uvular    q̇              
 laryngeal    ʔ            h      


N.B. Consonants which represent differences as against the Georgian system are marked by bolding.



The consonant system of Svan



   stops  affricates  sibilants  nasals  liquids  glides
 voiced  voiceless  voiced  voiceless  voiced  voiceless
 glott.  asp.  glott.  asp.
 labial  b  ṗ  p            m    w
 dental  d  ṭ  t  ʒ  c̣  c  z  s  n  l  
 alveolar        ǯ  č̣  č  ž  š    r  y
 velar  g  ḳ  k        ġ  x      
 uvular    q̇  q            
 laryngeal                h      


N.B. Consonants which represent differences as against the Georgian system are marked by bolding.




Literature:
G.A. Klimov, Einführung in die kaukasische Sprachwissenschaft, Hamburg 1994, 94-104
D.M. Job, Probleme eines typologischen Vergleichs iberokaukasischer und indogermanischer Phonemsysteme im Kaukasus, Frankfurt a/M u. Bern 1977
Th.V. Gamkrelidze / G.I. Mačavariani, Sonantensystem und Ablaut in den Kartwelsprachen, Tübingen 1982


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Copyright Jost Gippert Frankfurt a/M 2000. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.