|
| -1750
| -1600
| -1400
| -1200
| -800
| -600
| -400
| -200
| 0
| 200
| 400
| 700
| 900
| 1200
| 1400
| 1600
| 1800
|
Uridg.
| uranatol.
| altheth.
| mittelheth.
| jungheth.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| pal.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| luv.
| hierluv.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| lyk.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| lyd.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| -1750
| -1600
| -1400
| -1200
| -800
| -600
| -400
| -200
| 0
| 200
| 400
| 700
| 900
| 1200
| 1400
| 1600
| 1800
|
urtochar.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| osttoch. (A-toch.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| westtoch. (B-toch.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| -1750
| -1600
| -1400
| -1200
| -800
| -600
| -400
| -200
| 0
| 200
| 400
| 700
| 900
| 1200
| 1400
| 1600
| 1800
|
urindoiran.
| urindoar.
| vedisch
| Sanskrit
|
[nördl. mittelind.]
| Aśoka-mittelind.
| Gandhāra-Prākrit
| Niya-Gandhārī
| dard.Spr., Pahāṛī-Spr.
|
Paiśācī
|
|
| Sindhī, Pañjābī, Lahndī
|
Śaurasenī
|
|
| Hindī / Urdū, Rājasthānī, Gujarātī, Bhilī
|
Māgadhī
|
|
| Bihārī, Bengālī, Assam., Oṛiya
|
Ardhamāgadhī
|
|
|
Mahārāṣṭrī
|
|
| Marāṭhī
|
Apabhraṃśa
|
| 〈Pālī〉
|
[südl. mittelind.]
| altsinghal.
| mittelsinghal.
| neusinghal.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| altdhivehi
| mitteldhiv.
| neudhiv.
|
urnurist.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kaṭī, Prasun, Waigalī etc.
|
uriran.
| [O-Iran.]
|
|
| altavest.
| jungavest.
| 〈avest.〉
|
|
|
| baktr.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Paštō
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ormurī, Parāčī
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Pamirdial.
|
|
|
|
|
| sak.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| sogd.
|
|
| chwarezm.
|
| Yaġnōbī
|
| skyth.
|
|
|
|
|
| alan.
|
|
| osset.
|
[SW-iran.]
|
|
|
| altpers.
|
|
| mittelpers.
| neupers. (inkl. Tājīkī, Darī, Tātī)
|
[NW-iran.]
|
|
|
| med.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Balōčī
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| kurd.
|
| parth.
|
|
|
| Zaza
|
|
|
|
| kasp. Dial.
|
| -1750
| -1600
| -1400
| -1200
| -800
| -600
| -400
| -200
| 0
| 200
| 400
| 700
| 900
| 1200
| 1400
| 1600
| 1800
|
urarmen.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| altarmen.
| 〈altarmen.〉
|
neuostarm.
|
|
|
|
|
| mittelarmen.
| neuwestarm.
|
| -1750
| -1600
| -1400
| -1200
| -800
| -600
| -400
| -200
| 0
| 200
| 400
| 700
| 900
| 1200
| 1400
| 1600
| 1800
|
urgriech.
|
|
| myken.
|
| arkado-kypr.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| homer.
| ion.-att.
| klass.-griech. (Koinē)
| 〈Koinē〉
|
mittelgriech.
| neugriech.
|
|
|
|
| dor. etc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| tsakon.
|
| -1750
| -1600
| -1400
| -1200
| -800
| -600
| -400
| -200
| 0
| 200
| 400
| 700
| 900
| 1200
| 1400
| 1600
| 1800
|
uralban.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| altalban.
| tosk., geg.
|
| -1750
| -1600
| -1400
| -1200
| -800
| -600
| -400
| -200
| 0
| 200
| 400
| 700
| 900
| 1200
| 1400
| 1600
| 1800
|
urbalt.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| altpreuß.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| altlit.
| litau.
|
altlett.
| lett.
|
| -1750
| -1600
| -1400
| -1200
| -800
| -600
| -400
| -200
| 0
| 200
| 400
| 700
| 900
| 1200
| 1400
| 1600
| 1800
|
urslav.
| [W-slav.]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| altpoln.
| poln.
|
|
|
| polab.
|
|
|
|
| altsorb.
| ob./nied.sorb.
|
| alttschech.
| tschech., slovak.
|
[S-slav.]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| altsloven.
|
| sloven.
|
aksl.
| altserb., altkroat.
| serbokroat.
|
mittelbulg.
| bulgar., mak.
|
〈ksl.〉
|
[O-slav.]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| altruss.
| russ.
|
weißruss.
|
ukrain.
|
| -1750
| -1600
| -1400
| -1200
| -800
| -600
| -400
| -200
| 0
| 200
| 400
| 700
| 900
| 1200
| 1400
| 1600
| 1800
|
urgerm.
| [O-germ.]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| bibelgot.
|
|
|
| krimgot.
|
|
[N-germ.]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| urnord. (runennord.)
| altisländ.
| isländ., färing.
|
norweg. (Landmål)
|
altdän.
| dän., norweg. (Bokmål)
|
altschwed.
| schwed.
|
[W-germ.]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| runenangels.
| altengl.
| mittelengl.
| neuengl.
|
|
|
| altfries.
| ost-, westfries.
|
|
|
| altniederfr.
| mittelniederfr.
| niederländ., fläm., Afrikaans
|
|
| altniederdt.
| mittelniederdt.
| niederdt.
|
| runensgerm.
| althochdt.
| mittelhochdt.
| neuhochdt.
|
| -1750
| -1600
| -1400
| -1200
| -800
| -600
| -400
| -200
| 0
| 200
| 400
| 700
| 900
| 1200
| 1400
| 1600
| 1800
|
urkelt.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ogamir.
| altir.
| mittelir.
| neuir., schott., manx
|
|
|
|
|
| altkymr.
| mittelkymr.
| neukymr.
|
|
|
| korn.
|
|
|
|
| altbreton.
| breton.
|
gall.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
keltiber.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
lepont., rät.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| -1750
| -1600
| -1400
| -1200
| -800
| -600
| -400
| -200
| 0
| 200
| 400
| 700
| 900
| 1200
| 1400
| 1600
| 1800
|
urital.
|
|
|
|
|
| altlat.
| klass.-lat.
| 〈mittellat.〉
| 〈neulat.〉
|
vulgärlat.
| altfranz.
| franz.
|
altprovenzal.
| provenz., okzit., katal.
|
| altspan.
| span., portug.
|
| altitalien.
| italien., räto-roman., sard.
|
| altrumän.
| rumän., aromun.
|
| falisk.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| osk.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| umbr.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| südpiken.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| -1750
| -1600
| -1400
| -1200
| -800
| -600
| -400
| -200
| 0
| 200
| 400
| 700
| 900
| 1200
| 1400
| 1600
| 1800
|
Rest- und Trümmerspr.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| nordpiken.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| venet.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| messap.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| illyr.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| thrak.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| altphryg.
|
| jungphryg.
|
|
|
|
|
| |