Abbreviations, acronyms and technical terms in alphabetical order:

N.B. For the sake of easy reference, this list comprises all abbreviations and acronyms used in this book in alphabetical order so that readers need not know in advance whether a given abbreviation stands for a technical term or concept, an organization, or some other kind of resource.

• AAA: American Anthropological Association (http://www.aaanet.org)
• AIATSIS 2000: Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (http://www.aiatsis.gov.au/)
• AIFF: Audio Interchange File Format (Apple audio format)
• AILLA: Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America (http://www.ailla.utexas.org/site/welcome.html)
• ANNEX: Annotation Exploration tool (http://www.mpi.nl/ANNEX/)
• ANSI: American National Standards Institute (http://www.ansi.org/)
• ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange (7-bit standard)
• ATRAC: Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding (Format for MiniDisc audio recordings; http://www.sony.net/Products/ATRAC3/tech/atrac3.html)
• AUTOTYP: AUTOmatic TYPologizing (Research program in linguistic typology; http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~autotyp/)
• AVI: Audio Visual Interleave (Digital video format; http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;316992#XSLTH3123121122120121120120)
• Big5: (Encoding format for traditional Chinese characters, developed by five big Taiwanese companies; http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Projects/Chinese/info_it.htm)
• BWF: Broadcast → WAV File (Digital audio format incl. time stamping; http://www.ebu.ch/departments/technical/trev/trev_274-chalmers.pdf)
• CD-R: Compact Disc - Recordable
• CD-ROM: Compact Disc - Read Only Memory
• CD-RW: Compact Disc - ReWritable (reusable CD-R)
• CHAT: Codes for the Human Analysis of Transcripts (Transcription system, manual at http://childes.psy.cmu.edu/manuals/CHAT.pdf)
• CHILDES: CHIld Language Data Exchange System (Tools for studying conversational interactions including those for coding and analyzing transcripts; http://childes.psy.cmu.edu/)
• CLAN: Child Language Analysis (Tools for studying conversational interactions including those for coding and analyzing transcripts; http://childes.psy.cmu.edu/)
• Codepage: Standardized 8-bit extension of the ASCII standard
• CSS: Cascading Style Sheet (Style sheet for web documents; http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/)
• DAT: Digital Audio Tape (Storage medium for digital audio recordings)
• DELAMAN: Digital Endangered Languages And Musics Archive Network (http://www.delaman.org)
• DoBeS: DOkumentation BEdrohter Sprachen (Documentation of endangered languages; funding programme of the Volkswagenstiftung; http://www.volkswagenstiftung.de/foerderung/international-focus/documentation-of-endangered-languages.html?L=1)
• DOS: Disk Operating System (Standard operating system formerly used for → IBM compatible → PCs)
• DTD: Document Type Definition (http://www.w3schools.com/dtd/default.asp)
• DV: Digital Video (Digital storage format for video recordings)
• DVD: Digital Versatile Disc (Storage medium mostly used for video recordings)
• DVD-R: Digital Versatile Disc - Recordable
• DVD-RW: Digital Versatile Disc - ReWritable (Reusable DVD-R)
• EAGLES: Expert Advisory Group on Language Engineering Standards (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/browse.html)
• ELAN: Eudico Linguistic Annotator (Linguistic annotation tool; http://www.mpi.nl/tools/elan.html)
• E-MELD: Electronic Metastructure for Endangered Languages Data (http://emeld.org/)
• EMU: Edinburgh / Macquarie University (Tools for speech analysis; http://emu.sourceforge.net/)
• EU: European Union
• EUDICO: EUropean DIstributed COrpora (Linguistic tool creation project; http://www.mpi.nl/world/tg/lapp/eudico/eudico.html)
• EUROTYP: (European Science Foundation research project on linguistic typology; http://www.lotschool.nl/Research/ltrc/eurotyp/)
• EXMARaLDA: EXtensible MARkup Language for Discourse Annotation (http://www1.uni-hamburg.de/exmaralda/)
• Extended ASCII: (non-standardized 8-bit extension of the → ASCII standard often used for the → IBM / → DOS encoding chart)
• FMPro: FileMaker Professional (Database manager; http://www.filemaker.com/)
• GOLD: General Ontology for Linguistic Description (http://www.linguistics-ontology.org)
• HRELP: Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project (Funding programme for endangered languages; http://www.hrelp.org/)
• HTML: Hypertext Markup Language (http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/)
• IASA: International Association of Sound Archives (http://www.iasa.org)
• IBM: International Business Machines corporation (http://www.ibm.com/)
• ICON (High-level programming language for text applications; http://www.cs.arizona.edu/icon/)
• ICT: Information and Communication Technology
• IMDI: ISLE Metadata Initiative (Metadata system; http://www.mpi.nl/IMDI/)
• INTSINT: INternational Transcription System for INTonation (Transcription system used for coding the intonation pattern of an utterance; http://www.lpl.univ-aix.fr/~hirst/intsint.html)
• IPA: International Phonetic Association / International Phonetic Alphabet
• IPR: Intellectual Property Rights.
• IRB: Institutional Review Board
• ISLE: International Standards for Language Engineering
• ISO: International Standardization Organization
• ISO TC37/SC4: ISO Technical Committee 37 / SubCommittee 4 (Consortium for language resources management; http://www.tc37sc4.org/)
• IT: Information Technology
• JISC: Joint Information Systems Committee (British committee supporting the use of Information and Communications Technology; encoding standards; http://www.jisc.ac.uk)
• JPEG, JPG: Joint Photographers Expert Group (Digital file format for compressed images)
• LDC: Linguistic Data Consortium (http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/)
• LEXUS: (Lexicon tool; http://www.mpi.nl/LEXUS/)
• Mac: Apple Macintosh computers (http://www.apple.com)
• MPEG: Moving Pictures Expert Group (Video compression standards; http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/)
• MPG3, MP3: → MPEG (Audio) Layer III (Audio compression standard)
• MPI: Max Planck Institute
• MS: MicroSoft corporation (http://www.microsoft.com)
• OLAC: Open Language Archive Community (http://www.language-archives.org)
• OS: Operating System
• PC: Personal Computer
• PCM: Pulse Code Modulation (Digital storage method of analog recordings)
• PDF: Portable Document Format (Encoding format for web publications; http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/adobepdf.html)
• PERL: Practical Extraction and Reporting Language (Programming language for text applications; http://www.perl.com/)
• PNG: Portable Network Graphics (Digital graphics file format; http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/png.html)
• PUA: Private Use Area (User definable area in the → UNICODE standard)
• QuickTime: Quick Time Video (Digital video format; http://developer.apple.com/documentation/QuickTime/QTFF/qtff.pdf)
• RA: Real Audio (Digital audio format; http://ekei.com/audio/)
• RelaxNG: REgular LAnguage for XML: New Generation (Schema language for XML; http://www.relaxng.org/)
• RTF: Rich Text Format (7-bit based text encoding standard for cross-system exchange; http://support.microsoft.com/kb/269575/EN-US/)
• SAMPA: Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/home.htm)
• SAMPROSA: Speech Assessment Methods PROSodic Alphabet (http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/samprosa.htm)
• SGML: Standard Generalized Markup Language (Text markup language; http://xml.coverpages.org/sgml.html)
• SIL: Summer Institute of Linguistics (http://www.sil.org/)
• SMIL: Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (Markup language for interactive audiovisual presentations; http://www.w3.org/TR/smil)
• SPEAKING: Setting/Scene, Participants, Ends, Act Sequence, Key, Instrumentalities, Norms, Genre (mnemonic abbreviation for major components of the speech situation; see Chapter 5)
• TEI: Text Encoding Initiative (http://www.tei-c.org)
• TIFF: Tagged Image File Format (Digital graphics file format; http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/tiff/index.html)
• ToBI: TOnes and Breaks Index (System for transcribing features of prosody, including intonation patterns; http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/facilities/help/xwaves/tobi.shtml)
• UNICODE: UNIversal CODE (World-wide 16-bit character encoding standard; http://www.unicode.org)
• UTF-7, UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32: Unicode Transformation Format (Format used to store → UNICODE encoded data in different bit structures (7-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit); http://www.unicode.org/glossary/#UTF)
• VCD: Video Compact Disc
• W3C: World Wide Web Consortium (organization that develops and standardizes digital formats)
• WAV: WAVeform audio (Digital audio format; http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;316992#XSLTH3123121122120121120120)
• WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/)
• WMA: Windows Media Audio (Digital audio format; http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;316992#XSLTH3123121122120121120120)
• WMV: Windows Media Video (Digital video format; http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;316992#XSLTH3123121122120121120120)
• WWW: World Wide Web (Internet)
• WYSIWYG: What You See Is What You Get
• XLS: eXceL Spreadsheet (Spreadsheet format of MS Excel; http://www.microsoft.com/Office/Excel/prodinfo/default.mspx)
• XML: eXtensible Markup Language (Text markup language; http://xml.coverpages.org/xml.html)
• XSL: eXtensible Stylesheet Language (Stylesheet language for → XML; http://www.w3.org/TR/xsl/)
• XSLT: → XSL Transformation (Language for transforming → XML documents into other → XML documents; http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt)