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TITUS UNICODE


TITUS Unicode Sample Page Arabic Scripts

Troubleshooting

1. Arabic:

ﻳ و ﻫ ﻧ ﻣ ﻟ ﻛ ﻗ ﻓ ﻏ ﻋ ﻇ ﻃ ﺿ ﺻ ﺷ ﺳ ز ر ذ د ﺧ ﺣ ﺟ ﺛ ﺗ ﺑ ا

ﻴ ﻮ ﻬ ﻨ ﻤ ﻠ ﻜ ﻘ ﻔ ﻐ ﻌ ﻈ ﻄ ﻀ ﺼ ﺸ ﺴ ﺰ ﺮ ﺬ ﺪ ﺨ ﺤ ﺠ ﺜ ﺘ ﺒ ﺎ

ﻲ ﻮ ﻪ ﻦ ﻢ ﻞ ﻚ ﻖ ﻒ ﻎ ﻊ ﻆ ﻂ ﺾ ﺺ ﺶ ﺲ ﺰ ﺮ ﺬ ﺪ ﺦ ﺢ ﺞ ﺚ ﺖ ﺐ ﺎ

ي و ه ن م ل ك ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ز ر ذ د خ ح ج ث ت ب ا


ﻰ ى ئ ﺊ ﺌ ﺋ ﺆ ؤ ة ﺔ     ﻺ ﻹ ﻸ ﻷ ﻶ ﻵ ﻼ ﻻ ﭑ ﭐ ﴼ ﴽ ﺈ إ ﺄ أ ﺂ آ

  ؟ ،  ٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩ ء  ؛  


2. Persian:

ﻳ ﻫ و ﻧ ﻣ ﻟ ﮔ ﻛ ﻗ ﻓ ﻏ ﻋ ﻇ ﻃ ﺿ ﺻ ﺷ ﺳ ژ ز ر ذ د ﺧ ﺣ ﭼ ﺟ ﺛ ﺗ ﭘ ﺑ ا

ﻴ ﻬ ﻮ ﻨ ﻤ ﻠ ﮕ ﻜ ﻘ ﻔ ﻐ ﻌ ﻈ ﻄ ﻀ ﺼ ﺸ ﺴ ﮋ ﺰ ﺮ ﺬ ﺪ ﺨ ﺤ ﭽ ﺠ ﺜ ﺘ ﭙ ﺒ ﺎ

ﻲ ﻪ ﻮ ﻦ ﻢ ﻞ ﮓ ﮏ ﻖ ﻒ ﻎ ﻊ ﻆ ﻂ ﺾ ﺺ ﺶ ﺲ ﮋ ﺰ ﺮ ﺬ ﺪ ﺦ ﺢ ﭻ ﺞ ﺚ ﺖ ﭗ ﺐ ﺎ

ي ه و ن م ل گ ک ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ژ ز ر ذ د خ ح چ ج ث ت پ ب ا


ۀ ﮥ ك ﻚ ڪ ﻚ ڭ ﯔ


3. Kurdish:

ﻳ ﻫ و ﻧ ﻣ  ﻟ ﮔ ﻛ ﻗ ﭬ ﻓ ﻏ ﻋ ﻇ ﻃ ﺿ ﺻ ﺷ ﺳ ژ ز ڕ ر ذ د ﺧ ﺣ ﭼ ﺟ ﺛ ﺗ ﭘ ﺑ ا

ﻴ ﻬ ﻮ ﻨ ﻤ  ﻠ ﮕ ﻜ ﻘ ﭭ ﻔ ﻐ ﻌ ﻈ ﻄ ﻀ ﺼ ﺸ ﺴ ﮋ ﺰ  ﺮ ﺬ ﺪ ﺨ ﺤ ﭽ ﺠ ﺜ ﺘ ﭙ ﺒ ﺎ

ﻲ ﻪ ﻮ ﻦ ﻢ  ﻞ ﮓ ﮏ ﻖ ﭫ ﻒ ﻎ ﻊ ﻆ ﻂ ﺾ ﺺ ﺶ ﺲ ﮋ ﺰ  ﺮ ﺬ ﺪ ﺦ ﺢ ﭻ ﺞ ﺚ ﺖ ﭗ ﺐ ﺎ

ي ه و ن م ڵ ل گ ک ق ڤ ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ژ ز ڕ ر ذ د خ ح چ ج ث ت پ ب ا


ك ﻚ ڪ ﻚ ڭ ﯔ

  ێ     ۊ   ۆ ﯚ  ڒ


4. Pashto:

ﯦ ﻳ ﻫ و  ﻧ ﻣ ﻟ ﮔ ﻛ ﻗ ﻓ ﻏ ﻋ ﻇ ﻃ ﺿ ﺻ  ﺷ ﺳ ږ ژ ز  ړ ر ذ ډ د ﺧ ﺣ   ﭼ ﺟ ﺛ  ﺗ ﭘ ﺑ ا

ﯧ ﻴ ﻬ ﻮ  ﻨ ﻤ ﻠ ﮕ ﻜ ﻘ ﻔ ﻐ ﻌ ﻈ ﻄ ﻀ ﺼ  ﺸ ﺴ  ﮋ ﺰ   ﺮ ﺬ  ﺪ ﺨ ﺤ   ﭽ ﺠ ﺜ  ﺘ ﭙ ﺒ ﺎ

 ﯥ ﻰ ﻪ ﻮ  ﻦ ﻢ ﻞ ﮓ ﮏ ﻖ ﻒ ﻎ ﻊ ﻆ ﻂ ﺾ ﺺ  ﺶ ﺲ  ﮋ ﺰ   ﺮ ﺬ  ﺪ ﺦ ﺢ   ﭻ ﺞ ﺚ  ﺖ ﭗ ﺐ ﺎ

ۍ ې ى ه و ڼ ن م ل گ ک ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ښ ش س ږ ژ ز  ړ ر ذ ډ د خ ح څ ځ چ ج ث ټ ت پ ب ا


ئ ﺊ ك ﻚ ڪ ﻚ ګ   


5. Urdu:

ﻳ ﮨ ﻫ و ﻧ ﻧ ﻣ ﻟ ﮔ ﻛ ﻗ ﻓ ﻏ ﻋ ﻇ ﻃ ﺿ ﺻ ﺷ ﺳ ژ ز ڑ ر ذ ڈ د ﺧ ﺣ ﭼ ﺟ ﺛ ﭨ ﺗ ﭘ ﺑ آ ا

ﻴ ﮩ ﻬ ﻮ ﻨ ﻨ ﻤ ﻠ ﮕ ﻜ ﻘ ﻔ ﻐ ﻌ ﻈ ﻄ ﻀ ﺼ ﺸ ﺴ ﮋ ﺰ ﮍ ﺮ ﺬ ﮉ ﺪ ﺨ ﺤ ﭽ ﺠ ﺜ ﭩ ﺘ ﭙ ﺒ ﺂ ﺎ

ﻰ ﮧ ﻪ ﻮ ﮟ ﻦ ﻢ ﻞ ﮓ ﮏ ﻖ ﻒ ﻎ ﻊ ﻆ ﻂ ﺾ ﺺ ﺶ ﺲ ﮋ ﺰ ﮍ ﺮ ﺬ ﮉ ﺪ ﺦ ﺢ ﭻ ﺞ ﺚ ﭧ ﺖ ﭗ ﺐ ﺂ ﺎ

ى ﮦ ه و ں ن م ل گ ک ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ژ ز ڑ ر ذ ڈ د خ ح چ ج ث ٹ ت پ ب آ ا


ے ﮯ ك ﻚ ڪ ﻚ ڭ ﯔ


6. Sindhi:

ﻳ ﻫ و ﮢ ﻧ ﻣ ﻟ ﮘ  ﮔ ﻛ ﻗ ﭰ ﻓ ﻏ ﻋ ﻇ ﻃ ﺿ ﺻ ﺷ ﺳ ژ ز ڙ ر ذ ڍ ڊ ڎ ڌ د ﺧ ﺣ ﮀ ﭼ ﭸ ﭴ ﺟ ﺛ ﭠ  ﭤ ﺗ ﭘ ﭜ ﭔ ﺑ ا

ﻴ ﻬ ﻮ ﮣ ﻨ ﻤ ﻠ ﮙ  ﮕ ﻜ ﻘ ﭱ ﻔ ﻐ ﻌ ﻈ ﻄ ﻀ ﺼ ﺸ ﺴ ﮋ ﺰ  ﺮ ﺬ ﮃ  ﮇ ﮅ ﺪ ﺨ ﺤ ﮁ ﭽ ﭹ ﭵ ﺠ ﺜ ﭡ  ﭥ ﺘ ﭙ ﭝ ﭕ ﺒ ﺎ

ﻲ ﻪ ﻮ ﮡ ﻦ ﻢ ﻞ ﮗ  ﮓ ﮏ ﻖ ﭯ ﻒ ﻎ ﻊ ﻆ ﻂ ﺾ ﺺ ﺶ ﺲ ﮋ ﺰ  ﺮ ﺬ ﮃ  ﮇ ﮅ ﺪ ﺦ ﺢ ﭿ ﭻ ﭷ ﭳ ﺞ ﺚ ﭟ  ﭣ ﺖ ﭗ ﭛ ﭓ ﺐ ﺎ

ي ه و ڻ ن م ل ڳ ڴ گ ک ق ڦ ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ژ ز ڙ ر ذ ڍ ڊ ڎ ڌ د خ ح ڇ چ ڃ ڄ ج ث ٺ ٽ ٿ ت پ ڀ ٻ ب ا


ك ﻚ ڪ ﻚ ڭ ﯔ


7. Old Malaiian:

ﭘ ﻳ ﻫ و ﻧ ﻣ ﻟ ﯕ ﻛ ﻗ ﭬ ﻓ  ﻏ ﻋ ﻇ ﻃ ﺿ ﺻ ﺷ ﺳ ز ر ذ د ﺧ ﺣ ﭼ ﺟ ﺛ ﺗ ﺑ ا

ﭙ ﻴ ﻬ ﻮ ﻨ ﻤ ﻠ ﯖ ﻜ ﻘ ﭭ ﻔ  ﻐ ﻌ ﻈ ﻄ ﻀ ﺼ ﺸ ﺴ ﺰ ﺮ ﺬ ﺪ ﺨ ﺤ ﭽ ﺠ ﺜ ﺘ ﺒ ﺎ

 ﻲ ﻪ ﻮ ﻦ ﻢ ﻞ ﯔ ﮏ ﻖ ﭫ ﻒ  ﻎ ﻊ ﻆ ﻂ ﺾ ﺺ ﺶ ﺲ ﺰ ﺮ ﺬ ﺪ ﺦ ﺢ ﭻ ﺞ ﺚ ﺖ ﺐ ﺎ

ڽ ي ه و ن م ل ڭ ک ق ڤ ف ڠ غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ز ر ذ د خ ح چ ج ث ت ب ا


ك ﻚ ڪ ﻚ ڭ ﯔ
Vocalization marks


ْﺎ ﺎ ٌﺎ ُﺎ ٍﺎ ِﺎ ًﺎ َﺎ ْا ا ٌا ُا ٍا ِا ًا َا


ﺒ ﺒ ﺒ ﺒ ﺒ ﺒ ٍﺒ ِﺒ ﺒ ﺒ ﺑ ﺑ ﺑ ﺑ ﺑ ﺑ ٍﺑ ِﺑ ﺑ ﺑ


ب ب ب ب ب ب ٍب ِب ب ب ﺐ ﺐ ﺐ ﺐ ﺐ ﺐ ٍﺐ ِﺐ ﺐ ﺐ


ﺘ ّﺘ ْﺘ ﺘ ٌﺘ ُﺘ ٍﺘ ِﺘ ًﺘ َﺘ ﺗ ّﺗ ْﺗ ﺗ ٌﺗ ُﺗ ٍﺗ ِﺗ ًﺗ َﺗ


ت ّت ْت ت ٌت ُت ٍت ِت ًت َت ﺖ ّﺖ ْﺖ ﺖ ٌﺖ ُﺖ ٍﺖ ِﺖ ًﺖ َﺖ


ﺠ ﺠ ﺠ ﺠ ﺠ ﺠ ٍﺠ ِﺠ ﺠ ﺠ ﺟ ﺟ ﺟ ﺟ ﺟ ﺟ ٍﺟ ِﺟ ﺟ ﺟ


ج ج ج ج ج ج ٍج ِج ج ج ﺞ ﺞ ﺞ ﺞ ﺞ ﺞ ٍﺞ ِﺞ ﺞ ﺞ


ﺨ ّﺨ ْﺨ ﺨ ٌﺨ ُﺨ ٍﺨ ِﺨ ًﺨ َﺨ ﺧ ّﺧ ْﺧ ﺧ ٌﺧ ُﺧ ٍﺧ ِﺧ ًﺧ َﺧ


خ ّخ ْخ خ ٌخ ُخ ٍخ ِخ ًخ َخ ﺦ ّﺦ ْﺦ ﺦ ٌﺦ ُﺦ ٍﺦ ِﺦ ًﺦ َﺦ


ﺪ ﺪ ﺪ ﺪ ﺪ ﺪ ٍﺪ ِﺪ ﺪ ﺪ د د د د د د ٍد ِد د د


ﺬ ّﺬ ْﺬ ﺬ ٌﺬ ُﺬ ٍﺬ ِﺬ ًﺬ َﺬ ذ ّذ ْذ ذ ٌذ ُذ ٍذ ِذ ًذ َذ


ﺮ ﺮ ﺮ ﺮ ﺮ ﺮ ٍﺮ ِﺮ ﺮ ﺮ ر ر ر ر ر ر ٍر ِر ر ر


ﺰ ّﺰ ْﺰ ﺰ ٌﺰ ُﺰ ٍﺰ ِﺰ ًﺰ َﺰ ز ّز ْز ز ٌز ُز ٍز ِز ًز َز


ﺴ ﺴ ﺴ ﺴ ﺴ ﺴ ٍﺴ ِﺴ ﺴ ﺴ ﺳ ﺳ ﺳ ﺳ ﺳ ﺳ ٍﺳ ِﺳ ﺳ ﺳ


س س س س س س ٍس ِس س س ﺲ ﺲ ﺲ ﺲ ﺲ ﺲ ٍﺲ ِﺲ ﺲ ﺲ


ﺸ ّﺸ ْﺸ ﺸ ٌﺸ ُﺸ ٍﺸ ِﺸ ًﺸ َﺸ ﺷ ّﺷ ْﺷ ﺷ ٌﺷ ُﺷ ٍﺷ ِﺷ ًﺷ َﺷ


ش ّش ْش ش ٌش ُش ٍش ِش ًش َش ﺶ ّﺶ ْﺶ ﺶ ٌﺶ ُﺶ ٍﺶ ِﺶ ًﺶ َﺶ


ﺼ ﺼ ﺼ ﺼ ﺼ ﺼ ٍﺼ ِﺼ ﺼ ﺼ ﺻ ﺻ ﺻ ﺻ ﺻ ﺻ ٍﺻ ِﺻ ﺻ ﺻ


ص ص ص ص ص ص ٍص ِص ص ص ﺺ ﺺ ﺺ ﺺ ﺺ ﺺ ٍﺺ ِﺺ ﺺ ﺺ


ﻄ ّﻄ ْﻄ ﻄ ٌﻄ ُﻄ ٍﻄ ِﻄ ًﻄ َﻄ ﻃ ّﻃ ْﻃ ﻃ ٌﻃ ُﻃ ٍﻃ ِﻃ ًﻃ َﻃ


ط ّط ْط ط ٌط ُط ٍط ِط ًط َط ﻂ ّﻂ ْﻂ ﻂ ٌﻂ ُﻂ ٍﻂ ِﻂ ًﻂ َﻂ


ﻈ ّﻈ ْﻈ ﻈ ٌﻈ ُﻈ ٍﻈ ِﻈ ًﻈ َﻈ ﻇ ّﻇ ْﻇ ﻇ ٌﻇ ُﻇ ٍﻇ ِﻇ ًﻇ َﻇ


ظ ّظ ْظ ظ ٌظ ُظ ٍظ ِظ ًظ َظ ﻆ ّﻆ ْﻆ ﻆ ٌﻆ ُﻆ ٍﻆ ِﻆ ًﻆ َﻆ


ﻌ ﻌ ﻌ ﻌ ﻌ ﻌ ٍﻌ ِﻌ ﻌ ﻌ ﻋ ﻋ ﻋ ﻋ ﻋ ﻋ ٍﻋ ِﻋ ﻋ ﻋ


ع ع ع ع ع ع ٍع ِع ع ع ﻊ ﻊ ﻊ ﻊ ﻊ ﻊ ٍﻊ ِﻊ ﻊ ﻊ


ﻐ ّﻐ ْﻐ ﻐ ٌﻐ ُﻐ ٍﻐ ِﻐ ًﻐ َﻐ ﻏ ّﻏ ْﻏ ﻏ ٌﻏ ُﻏ ٍﻏ ِﻏ ًﻏ َﻏ


غ ّغ ْغ غ ٌغ ُغ ٍغ ِغ ًغ َغ ﻎ ّﻎ ْﻎ ﻎ ٌﻎ ُﻎ ٍﻎ ِﻎ ًﻎ َﻎ


ﻔ ّﻔ ْﻔ ﻔ ٌﻔ ُﻔ ٍﻔ ِﻔ ًﻔ َﻔ ﻓ ّﻓ ْﻓ ﻓ ٌﻓ ُﻓ ٍﻓ ِﻓ ًﻓ َﻓ


ف ّف ْف ف ٌف ُف ٍف ِف ًف َف ﻒ ّﻒ ْﻒ ﻒ ٌﻒ ُﻒ ٍﻒ ِﻒ ًﻒ َﻒ


ﻘ ّﻘ ْﻘ ﻘ ٌﻘ ُﻘ ٍﻘ ِﻘ ًﻘ َﻘ ﻗ ّﻗ ْﻗ ﻗ ٌﻗ ُﻗ ٍﻗ ِﻗ ًﻗ َﻗ


ق ّق ْق ق ٌق ُق ٍق ِق ًق َق ﻖ ّﻖ ْﻖ ﻖ ٌﻖ ُﻖ ٍﻖ ِﻖ ًﻖ َﻖ


ﻜ ّﻜ ْﻜ ﻜ ٌﻜ ُﻜ ٍﻜ ِﻜ ًﻜ َﻜ ﻛ ّﻛ ْﻛ ﻛ ٌﻛ ُﻛ ٍﻛ ِﻛ ًﻛ َﻛ


ك ّك ْك ك ٌك ُك ٍك ِك ًك َك ﻚ ّﻚ ْﻚ ﻚ ٌﻚ ُﻚ ٍﻚ ِﻚ ًﻚ َﻚ


ﻠ ّﻠ ْﻠ ﻠ ٌﻠ ُﻠ ٍﻠ ِﻠ ًﻠ َﻠ ﻟ ّﻟ ْﻟ ﻟ ٌﻟ ُﻟ ٍﻟ ِﻟ ًﻟ َﻟ


ل ّل ْل ل ٌل ُل ٍل ِل ًل َل ﻞ ّﻞ ْﻞ ﻞ ٌﻞ ُﻞ ٍﻞ ِﻞ ًﻞ َﻞ


ﻤ ﻤ ﻤ ﻤ ﻤ ﻤ ٍﻤ ِﻤ ﻤ ﻤ ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ﻣ ٍﻣ ِﻣ ﻣ ﻣ


م م م م م م ٍم ِم م م ﻢ ﻢ ﻢ ﻢ ﻢ ﻢ ٍﻢ ِﻢ ﻢ ﻢ


ﻨ ّﻨ ْﻨ ﻨ ٌﻨ ُﻨ ٍﻨ ِﻨ ًﻨ َﻨ ﻧ ّﻧ ْﻧ ﻧ ٌﻧ ُﻧ ٍﻧ ِﻧ ًﻧ َﻧ


ن ّن ْن ن ٌن ُن ٍن ِن ًن َن ﻦ ّﻦ ْﻦ ﻦ ٌﻦ ُﻦ ٍﻦ ِﻦ ًﻦ َﻦ


ﻬ ﻬ ﻬ ﻬ ﻬ ﻬ ٍﻬ ِﻬ ﻬ ﻬ ﻫ ﻫ ﻫ ﻫ ﻫ ﻫ ٍﻫ ِﻫ ﻫ ﻫ


ه ه ه ه ه ه ٍه ِه ه ه ﻪ ﻪ ﻪ ﻪ ﻪ ﻪ ٍﻪ ِﻪ ﻪ ﻪ


ة ّة ْة ة ٌة ُة ٍة ِة ًة َة ﺔ ّﺔ ْﺔ ﺔ ٌﺔ ُﺔ ٍﺔ ِﺔ ًﺔ َﺔ


و و و و و و ٍو ِو و و ﻮ ﻮ ﻮ ﻮ ﻮ ﻮ ٍﻮ ِﻮ ﻮ ﻮ


ﻴ ﻴ ﻴ ﻴ ﻴ ﻴ ٍﻴ ِﻴ ﻴ ﻴ ﻳ ﻳ ﻳ ﻳ ﻳ ﻳ ٍﻳ ِﻳ ﻳ ﻳ


ي ي ي ي ي ي ٍي ِي ي ي ﻲ ﻲ ﻲ ﻲ ﻲ ﻲ ٍﻲ ِﻲ ﻲ ﻲ


ى ى ى ى ى ى ٍى ِى ى ى ﻰ ﻰ ﻰ ﻰ ﻰ ﻰ ٍﻰ ِﻰ ﻰ ﻰ


ﭙ ﭙ ﭙ ﭙ ﭙ ﭙ ٍﭙ ِﭙ ﭙ ﭙ ﭘ ﭘ ﭘ ﭘ ﭘ ﭘ ٍﭘ ِﭘ ﭘ ﭘ


پ پ پ پ پ پ ٍپ ِپ پ پ ﭗ ﭗ ﭗ ﭗ ﭗ ﭗ ٍﭗ ِﭗ ﭗ ﭗ


ﭽ ﭽ ﭽ ﭽ ﭽ ﭽ ٍﭽ ِﭽ ﭽ ﭽ ﭼ ﭼ ﭼ ﭼ ﭼ ﭼ ٍﭼ ِﭼ ﭼ ﭼ


چ چ چ چ چ چ ٍچ ِچ چ چ ﭻ ﭻ ﭻ ﭻ ﭻ ﭻ ٍﭻ ِﭻ ﭻ ﭻ


ژ ّژ ْژ ژ ٌژ ُژ ٍژ ِژ ًژ َژ ﮋ ّﮋ ْﮋ ﮋ ٌﮋ ُﮋ ٍﮋ ِﮋ ًﮋ َﮋ


ﮑ ّﮑ ْﮑ ﮑ ٌﮑ ُﮑ ٍﮑ ِﮑ ًﮑ َﮑ ﮐ ّﮐ ْﮐ ﮐ ٌﮐ ُﮐ ٍﮐ ِﮐ ًﮐ َﮐ


ک ّک ْک ک ٌک ُک ٍک ِک ًک َک ﮏ ّﮏ ْﮏ ﮏ ٌﮏ ُﮏ ٍﮏ ِﮏ ًﮏ َﮏ


ﮕ ّﮕ ْﮕ ﮕ ٌﮕ ُﮕ ٍﮕ ِﮕ ًﮕ َﮕ ﮔ ّﮔ ْﮔ ﮔ ٌﮔ ُﮔ ٍﮔ ِﮔ ًﮔ َﮔ


گ ّگ ْگ گ ٌگ ُگ ٍگ ِگ ًگ َگ ﮓ ّﮓ ْﮓ ﮓ ٌﮓ ُﮓ ٍﮓ ِﮓ ًﮓ َﮓ


ﻀ ّﻀ ْﻀ ﻀ ٌﻀ ُﻀ ٍﻀ ِﻀ ًﻀ َﻀ ﺿ ّﺿ ْﺿ ﺿ ٌﺿ ُﺿ ٍﺿ ِﺿ ًﺿ َﺿ


ض ّض ْض ض ٌض ُض ٍض ِض ًض َض ﺾ ّﺾ ْﺾ ﺾ ٌﺾ ُﺾ ٍﺾ ِﺾ ًﺾ َﺾ


ﺬ ّﺬ ْﺬ ﺬ ٌﺬ ُﺬ ٍﺬ ِﺬ ًﺬ َﺬ ذ ّذ ْذ ذ ٌذ ُذ ٍذ ِذ ًذ َذ


ﺤ ﺤ ﺤ ﺤ ﺤ ﺤ ٍﺤ ِﺤ ﺤ ﺤ ﺣ ﺣ ﺣ ﺣ ﺣ ﺣ ٍﺣ ِﺣ ﺣ ﺣ


ح ح ح ح ح ح ٍح ِح ح ح ﺢ ﺢ ﺢ ﺢ ﺢ ﺢ ٍﺢ ِﺢ ﺢ ﺢ


ﺛ ّﺛ ْﺛ ﺛ ٌﺛ ُﺛ ٍﺛ ِﺛ ًﺛ َﺛ ث ّث ْث ث ٌث ُث ٍث ِث ًث َث


ﺚ ّﺚ ْﺚ ﺚ ٌﺚ ُﺚ ٍﺚ ِﺚ ًﺚ َﺚ ﺜ ّﺜ ْﺜ ﺜ ٌﺜ ُﺜ ٍﺜ ِﺜ ًﺜ َﺜ


ٽ ّٽ ْٽ ٽ ٌٽ ُٽ ٍٽ ِٽ ًٽ َٽ ﭣ ّﭣ ْﭣ ﭣ ٌﭣ ُﭣ ٍﭣ ِﭣ ًﭣ َﭣ



etc.




Text sample (from 1001 Nights):



نﺎﻣَﺰﻫﺎﺷ ِﻪﻴﺧَأو رﺎﻳِﺮﻬَﺷ ِﻚِﻠﻤﻟا ﺔﻳﺎﻜِﺣ


ﻚِﻠﻤِﻟ َنﺎﻛ نوﺄﻟَأو ﺮﺼﻌﻟَ ﻒِﻟﺎﺳ و نﺎﻣَﺰﻟَ ﻢﻳﺪَﻓ ﻦِﻣ ﻰﻀﻣ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻪﻧَأ ﻢَﻠﻋَأ ﻪﻟَأو ﻲِﻜﺣ
ﺮﻴﺒَﻜﻟا َنﺎﻛو ،ﻦﻴَﻠَﻄﺑ ﻦﻴﺳِرﺎﻓ ﺎﻧﺎﻛو .ﺮﻴﻐﺻ ﺮَﺧﺂﻟَأو ﺮﻴﺒَﻛ ﺎﻤﻫﺪﺣَأ ناﺪَﻟو نﺎﺳﺎﺳ ﻚُﻠﻣ ﻦِﻣ
،رﺎﻳﺮﻬَﺷ ﻚِﻠﻤﻟا ﻪﻤﺳا ،ﺪﺑِﻮﻟا ﻦﻴﺑ لﺪﻌﻟَﺄِﺑ ﻢَﻜﺣو دﺎﻠِﺒﻟا َﻚَﻠﻣ ﺪَﻗو ،ﺮﻴﻐﺼﻟا ﻦِﻣ سﺮﻓَأ
ﻲﻓ ﴼﻤﻴﻘَﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻣﺄﻟا لَﺰﻳ ﻢَﻟو .ﻢَﺧﻮﻟا ﺪﻨَﻗﺮﻤﺳ ﻚِﻠﻣ َنﺎﻛو ،نﺎﻣَﺰﻫﺎﺷ ﺮﻴﻐﺼﻟا ِﻪﻴﺧَأ ﻢﺳاو
ﻢَﻟو ﻦﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺸﻋ ةﺪﻣ ِﻪِﺘﻴِﻋر ﻲﻓ لِدﺎﻋ ﻢِﻛﺎﺣ ِﻪِﺘَﻜَﻠﻤﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻬﻨِﻣ ﺪِﺣاو ّﻞُﻛو ﺎﻤﻴﻬﻳدﺎﻠﺑ
ﺮِﻓﺎﺴﻳ نَأ هﺮﻳزو ﺮﻣَﺄَﻓ ،ﺮﻴﻐﺼﻟا ِﻪﻴﺧآ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻴﺒَﻜﻟا َقﺎﺘﺷِإ نَأ ﻰﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟا ِهِﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻟَﺰﻳ
هﺎﺧَأ نَأ ﻪﻤِﻠﻋَأو مﺎﻠﺴﻟا ﻪَﻐَﻠﺑو ِﻪﻴﺧَأ ﻰﻠﻋ َﻞَﺧدو َﻞﺻو ﻰّﺘﺣ ﺮَﻓﺎﺴَﻓ ،ِﻪﻴَﻟِإ
مﺎﻗَأو ،ﺮَﻐﺴﻠِﻟ َﺰﻬﺠَﺗو ﺔﻋﺎﻄﻟاو ﻊﻤﺴﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﺟَﺄَﻓ ،هروﺰﻳ نَأ هﺪﺼَﻗو ِﻪﻴَﻟا قﺎﺘﺸﻣ
.... ِهِدﺎﻠِﺑ ﻰِﻟو ﴼﻤِﻛﺎﺣ هﺮﻳزو



Attention! This page is encoded in Unicode / UTF-8. To be able to read it, you will have to install a Unicode compatible font that contains a complete range of Arabic characters such as the Bitstream Cyberbit font or its TITUS derivative, in a Unicode compatible environment.
As we cannot expect browsers yet to handle Unicode-inherent script directionality correctly, the Arabic passages contained in this page were encoded using the <BDO> element ("Bidirectional override").
The present page will be represented best by using Netscape 4.0 or higher. Using the TITUS font, the Arabic text printed above should look like the image produced here:


Using MS Internet Explorer 5.0, you will note that there are several gaps (in the plain text, but not in the image) between characters and their adjacent vocalization marks. This is due to a mapping problem which occurs when using the <BDO DIR="LTR"> element.
At present, there seems to be no way to format Arabic web pages in such a way that they would be displayed equally well by Netscape and MS IE browsers. To show the effects of the encoding possibilities, we provide the following encoding variants of the headline of the Arabic text:
Plain left-to right Unicode (UTF-8) encoding (this would be the best Unicode-conform solution, but it works neither with Netscape nor with MS IE):
ﺣِﻜﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻠِﻚ ِﺷَﻬﺮِﻳﺎر وأَﺧﻴﻪِ ﺷﺎﻫﺰَﻣﺎن

Left-to-right Unicode (UTF-8) encoding with explicit statement of directionality right-to-left using <BDO DIR="RTL"> (this should work perfectly well with MS IE 5.0):
ﺣِﻜﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻠِﻚ ِﺷَﻬﺮِﻳﺎر وأَﺧﻴﻪِ ﺷﺎﻫﺰَﻣﺎن

Left-to-right Unicode (UTF-8) encoding with explicit statement of Arabic language and directionality right-to-left using <LANG="AR" DIR="RTL"> (this is a new HTML 4 element; it seems not to be supported by any browser yet):
ﺣِﻜﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻠِﻚ ِﺷَﻬﺮِﻳﺎر وأَﺧﻴﻪِ ﺷﺎﻫﺰَﻣﺎن

Plain right-to-left Unicode (UTF-8) encoding (this works perfectly well with Netscape 4.x):
نﺎﻣَﺰﻫﺎﺷ ِﻪﻴﺧَأو رﺎﻳِﺮﻬَﺷ ِﻚِﻠﻤﻟا ﺔﻳﺎﻜِﺣ

Right-to-left Unicode (UTF-8) encoding with explicit statement of directionality left-to-right using <BDO DIR="LTR"> (this works also perfectly well with Netscape 4.x):
نﺎﻣَﺰﻫﺎﺷ ِﻪﻴﺧَأو رﺎﻳِﺮﻬَﺷ ِﻚِﻠﻤﻟا ﺔﻳﺎﻜِﺣ




Copyright Jost Gippert, Frankfurt a/M 1997-2000. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.